𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒔, 𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒕𝒉.

“𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡. 𝑇𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑡.”

𝟭 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝟱:𝟮𝟭

“𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎, 𝑤ℎ𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑠𝑜.”

𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝟭𝟳:𝟭𝟭

Truth does not fear verification and testing, so there is nothing wrong with checking what is true and what is not. We will therefore subject the verse 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘄 𝟮𝟴:𝟭𝟵 to truthfulness tests. This is the fourth part of reflections on this verse. I encourage you to look at the previous parts. We are considering which version of the text is true: the one speaking about baptism in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Spirit, or the one speaking about immersion in the name of Christ. Let’s begin.

𝟏. 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭.

Examining the context, we find that the phrase “in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Spirit” lacks syntactical quality, i.e., the true meaning of the verse is disturbed by an error in the linguistic pattern. However, if we read as below, the entire context fits together and the tenor of the instruction is complete:

“𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑒.. 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑜… 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒, 𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢… 𝐼 𝑎𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑦𝑜𝑢…”

𝟐. 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭.

Is the phrase “in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” used anywhere else in the Bible?

Nowhere!

Did Yeshu use the phrase “𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒” on other occasions?

Yes, 𝟏𝟕 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬, examples can be found in Matthew 18:20, Mark 9:37,39,41, in John 14:14,26 and 16:23.

𝟑. 𝐀𝐫𝐠𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭.

Is there any argument in the Bible based on the three-name phrase or baptism in a triple name?

There is none!

Is there an argument in the Bible based on baptism in the name of Yeshu?

Yes! This argument is used in 𝟭 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝟭:𝟭𝟯

“𝐻𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡? 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑃𝑎𝑢𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦𝑜𝑢? 𝑂𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑎𝑢𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑?”

For Paul, it is obvious that the immersion refers to the Anointed One. From this verse, when carefully analyzed, it follows that disciples should be immersed in the name of the One who was crucified for them. The Father, in His wonderful love, gave us His beloved Son who was raised by the Spirit. It was our Lord Yeshu who was crucified and therefore in His name the disciples are to be immersed in water. The Father did not die, nor did the Spirit die, so immersion in their name is unjustified just as it is in Paul’s name.

“𝑂𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝒂𝒔 𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒂𝒔 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒅 (baptized) 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝑪𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒕 𝒀𝒆𝒔𝒉𝒖, 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝑯𝒊𝒎 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒅 (baptized)? 𝑾𝒆 𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑯𝒊𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉 𝒊𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 (baptism) 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ, 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑠 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑝 𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 [𝑡ℎ𝑒] 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟, 𝑠𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑤𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑘. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑖𝑚, 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒;”

𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝟲:𝟯-𝟱

The insertion of the formula “in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit” into immersion is logically inconsistent with the gospel being preached. Trinity worshipers recognize only such baptism that took place in the name of three persons and accept only that as giving salvation. This reasoning is inconsistent with the teachings of the messengers who clearly proclaimed that:

“𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑤𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑.”

𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝟰:𝟭𝟮

So, by their formula, supporters of the trinity nullify the teaching of the anointed messengers Peter and John that salvation is only in the name of Yeshu.

Based on just this argument, we can confirm the original text of Matthew 28:19 as containing the phrase “𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒚 𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒆.”

𝟒. 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭.

Is there anything analogous in the Bible to immersion in a triple name?

There is not!

Is there anything analogous to immersion in the name of Yeshu?

Yes.

The Father immersed the disciples in the Holy Spirit, the promise that came according to Yeshu “𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒” (John 14:26), because the Anointed One is the “connector” both in water immersion and in immersion in the Spirit. This is demonstrated in the following quotes:

“𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝐼 𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡ℎ: 𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐼 𝑔𝑜 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑦. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑓 𝐼 𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑔𝑜 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑦𝑜𝑢. 𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑓 𝐼 𝑔𝑜, 𝐼 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝐻𝑖𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑦𝑜𝑢.”

𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝟭𝟲:𝟳

“𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑦 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑡, 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑀𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒, 𝐻𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐼 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢.”

𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝟭𝟰:𝟮𝟲

“𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑃ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑝, 𝑤ℎ𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐺𝑜𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑌𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡, 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑.”

𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝟴:𝟭𝟮

Note that they were immersed as a result of preaching the name of Yeshu, not “the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.” By analogy, we should be immersed in the name of Yeshu, as this prepares us for immersion in the Spirit, who likewise is given 𝒊𝒏 𝑯𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒆 (Acts 2:38-39, Acts 19:1-5, John 3:3-5).

𝟓. 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲.

“𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤ℎ𝑜 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑 (baptized) 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑, ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑.”

𝗚𝗮𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝟯:𝟮𝟳

If you study the context of these words from the letter to the Galatians, you will realize that through immersion 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒀𝒆𝒔𝒉𝒖 we become sons of the Father and co-heirs of the promise given to Abraham. Introducing the phrase “in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Spirit” is, once again, contrary to the logic of the preached gospel of salvation. 𝑰𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒀𝒆𝒔𝒉𝒖 is necessary for us to be adopted by the Father and granted the rights of inheritance after Abraham. We do not become co-heirs of the Father and the Holy Spirit. Whoever introduced the baptismal formula “in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Spirit” completely misunderstood the hope and principle of human salvation.

𝟔. 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞.

Did the disciples ever immerse in the triple name after receiving the gospel?

Never!

Did they immerse in the name of Yeshu?

Always.

“𝑃𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚: 𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑌𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑦 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑡.”

𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝟮:𝟯𝟴

“𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑃ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑝, 𝑤ℎ𝑜 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐺𝑜𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑌𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡, 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑.”

𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝟴:𝟭𝟮

“𝐴𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑌𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑. 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑖𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑓𝑒𝑤 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠.”

𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝟭𝟬:𝟰𝟴

“𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑌𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑢.”

𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝟭𝟵:𝟱

Often, in defense of triune immersion, the argument is used that “I would rather follow the command in the words of Christ than model after the Acts of the Apostles.” However, this type of logic puts the messengers trained by the Messiah in a position of disobedience and makes all their immersions invalid. I do not accept such reasoning.

If you believe that the New Testament was created by the will and inspiration of God and is “𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠—𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐺𝑜𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡, 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘” (2 Timothy 3:16-17), then you would not nullify the entire account for one verse. Especially since there are reasons to consider this verse as added later. As we pointed out at the beginning, everything must be checked to see whether what we read is confirmed and in accordance with the truth. The apostles were sent to preach and immerse after prior preparation. They know better than we do what Christ the Lord commanded them and how they were to carry out His orders.

𝟕. 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠.

What significance is assigned in Scripture to immersing believers in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit?

None!

What significance is assigned to immersion in the name of Yeshu?

𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭, the Scriptures teach that immersion in the name of Yeshu is an act of repentance for the forgiveness of sins (Acts 2:38).

𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝, immersion in His name is linked with the promise of immersion in the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:38).

𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝, immersion in the name of Yeshu is connected with our identification and personification of the death and burial of Christ (Romans 6:1-4 and Colossians 2:12).

𝐅𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐡, immersion in the name of Yeshu means that we clothe ourselves with Christ (Galatians 3:27).

𝐅𝐢𝐟𝐭𝐡, immersion in His name is called the circumcision of the Anointed and reflects the removal of the old man of sin. This way we become a new creation in the Messiah (Colossians 2:11-12, 2 Corinthians 5-17).

Baptism in a triple name can only reflect faith in the Trinitarian doctrine and the human creed created to support that faith.

𝟖. 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬.

Thanks to God’s care, the text of 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘄 𝟮𝟴:𝟭𝟵 is not the only record in the gospels of our Lord. Luke also recorded this event with great accuracy. In 𝗟𝘂𝗸𝗲 𝟮𝟰:𝟰𝟲-𝟰𝟳 it is written about the Son of God speaking in the third person:

“𝑰𝒏 𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝐽𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚.”

𝗟𝘂𝗸𝗲 𝟮𝟰:𝟰𝟳

This very passage restores the correct text of the gospel of Matthew 28:19, where Yeshu speaks in the first person: “𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒.”

Furthermore, the gospel of Mark similarly records this message using similar words:

“𝐺𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑙𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐺𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒! 𝑊ℎ𝑜𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑑, 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑; 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑛𝑒𝑑. 𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑜 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒: 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑠…”

𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗸 𝟭𝟲:𝟭𝟱-𝟭𝟴

Although Mark greatly expands the command, there is nothing about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit there, similarly in Luke’s account. To be truthful, in Matthew there is also nothing about the Father and Spirit, if we consider the version known and used by Eusebius. Let us recall that his version of Matthew 28:19 is:

“𝐺𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒, 𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐼 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢.”

𝟗. 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐪𝐮𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬.

While there is no text that offers a laudatory quote using the triune phrase, there is a striking similarity between Matthew 28:19 after correction, and Romans 1:4-5. Notice the following parallels:

“𝐺𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒, 𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐼 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢.”

𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘄 𝟮𝟴:𝟭𝟵-𝟮𝟬

“𝙬𝒉𝙤 𝙬𝒂𝙨 𝙙𝒆𝙘𝒍𝙖𝒓𝙚𝒅 𝒕𝙤 𝙗𝒆 𝒕𝙝𝒆 𝑺𝙤𝒏 𝒐𝙛 𝙂𝒐𝙙 𝙬𝒊𝙩𝒉 𝒑𝙤𝒘𝙚𝒓 𝒂𝙘𝒄𝙤𝒓𝙙𝒊𝙣𝒈 𝒕𝙤 𝙩𝒉𝙚 𝙨𝒑𝙞𝒓𝙞𝒕 𝒐𝙛 𝙝𝒐𝙡𝒊𝙣𝒆𝙨𝒔 𝒃𝙮 𝙩𝒉𝙚 𝙧𝒆𝙨𝒖𝙧𝒓𝙚𝒄𝙩𝒊𝙤𝒏 𝒐𝙛 𝙤𝒖𝙧 𝙇𝒐𝙧𝒅 𝒀𝙚𝒔𝙝𝒖 𝒕𝙝𝒆 𝑴𝙚𝒔𝙨𝒊𝙖𝒉, 𝙩𝒉𝙧𝒐𝙪𝒈𝙝 𝙬𝒉𝙤𝒎 𝒘𝙚 𝙝𝒂𝙫𝒆 𝒓𝙚𝒄𝙚𝒊𝙫𝒆𝙙 𝙜𝒓𝙖𝒄𝙚 𝙖𝒏𝙙 𝙖𝒑𝙤𝒔𝙩𝒍𝙚𝒔𝙝𝒊𝙥 𝙩𝒐 𝒃𝙧𝒊𝙣𝒈 𝒂𝙗𝒐𝙪𝒕 𝒕𝙝𝒆 𝒐𝙗𝒆𝙙𝒊𝙚𝒏𝙘𝒆 𝒐𝙛 𝙛𝒂𝙞𝒕𝙝 𝙖𝒎𝙤𝒏𝙜 𝙖𝒍𝙡 𝙩𝒉𝙚 𝙣𝒂𝙩𝒊𝙤𝒏𝙨 𝙛𝒐𝙧 𝙝𝒊𝙨 𝙣𝒂𝙢𝒆’𝒔 𝒈𝙡𝒐𝙧𝒚.”

𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝟭:𝟰-𝟱

“𝑔𝑜” = “𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒅 … 𝒂𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒑”

“𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 … 𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒” = “𝒃𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒕 … 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒃𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒊𝒕𝒉”

“𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠” = “𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔”

“𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒” = “𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒆’𝒔 𝒈𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒚”

𝟏𝟎. 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞.

It is written:

“𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑑𝑜, 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑑, 𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑌𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑢, 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝐺𝑜𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝐻𝑖𝑚.”

𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝟯:𝟭𝟳

The message formulated by Paul is clear. The word “𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟” includes everything and certainly also includes immersion, as it includes both word and deed. The traditional wording in 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘄 𝟮𝟴:𝟭𝟵 using the triple name is not in accordance with this principle. However, the shorter phrase is. This proves which phrase is forged. The Word of God does not contradict itself, but complements itself.

Paul not only preached this principle but also applied it in the context of immersion. In 𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝟭𝟵:𝟭-𝟱 we find disciples of John who had been immersed during his ministry. Just like immersion in the name of Yeshu, John’s immersion was for repentance (𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗸 𝟭:𝟰, 𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝟮:𝟯𝟴). John preached in his immersion that one would come after him who would take away the sins of the world and will be immersing with the Holy Spirit.

“𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡ℎ, 𝑃𝑎𝑢𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐸𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠. 𝐻𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚: 𝐷𝑖𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑦 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑑? 𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑑 𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑖𝑚: 𝑊𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑦 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑡. 𝑊ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑑 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒? – ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑑. 𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑: 𝐽𝑜ℎ𝑛’𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝐽𝑜ℎ𝑛 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑎 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑜 𝑤𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑖𝑚, 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑌𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑢 – 𝑃𝑎𝑢𝑙 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑑. 𝑾𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒚 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒔, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒚 𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑳𝒐𝒓𝒅 𝒀𝒆𝒔𝒉𝒖.”

𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝟭𝟵:𝟭-𝟱

Paul applied this principle and immersed them in the name of the Lord Yeshu. And so, by using the practice test, we find strong confirmation for the phrase in “𝑚𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒.”

To these 10 tests, I would add an eleventh. Let’s call it the witness credibility test.

𝟏𝟏. 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭.

“𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝐼 𝑎𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑦𝑜𝑢. 𝑬𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒎𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒃𝒆 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔.”

𝟮 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝟭𝟯:𝟭

So that it’s clear this principle isn’t based on just one verse, I provide several others confirming the importance of multiple witnesses – 1 Timothy 5:19; 1 Timothy 6:12; 2 Timothy 2:2; Hebrews 10:28.

The Bible instructs us in important matters to rely on several witnesses. According to biblical command, one witness in crucial matters is unreliable. Certainly, in the matter of the mode of immersion, we are dealing with a very important issue, as it is conditions our salvation. It is actually hard to imagine anything more important, so the biblical principle should be applied here, and the Creator, if He wanted to convey something to us, would base it on a minimum of two witnesses.

Since, therefore, in the New Testament we have only one verse, and that a very doubtful one at that, which speaks about baptism in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Spirit, and many more verses speaking about immersion in the name of Yeshu, the matter is settled.

“𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛, 𝑤𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑜, 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠, ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑑 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑏𝑢𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑡 [𝑠𝑖𝑛] 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑢𝑠, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑢𝑛 [𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑙𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑜𝑎𝑙] 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑔𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 [𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡] 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑢𝑠.”

𝗛𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝟭𝟮:𝟭

Therefore, we accept the true version of the gospel in Matthew 28:19 as:

“𝑮𝒐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒚 𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒆, 𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒎 𝒕𝒐 𝒐𝒃𝒆𝒚 𝒘𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝑰 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒚𝒐𝒖.”

Article from 14th December 2014

Author: Krzysztof Król

Translated: Michał Karpiej